5 Types of Curtain Wall Systems
The curtain wall, as the first look of modern buildings, it plays an important role in the fundamental functions like wind resistance, waterproofing, and thermal insulation. What’s more, it can also fully demonstrate the architectural aesthetics, energy efficiency, and construction efficiency. Different types of curtain wall systems can satisfy varying architectural needs. So making a well-structured classification is essential for architects, developers, and owners to quickly identify the most suitable solution.
Here, in this article, we will classify curtain wall systems based on three key dimensions: structural assembly method, visual presentation, and cultural functionality. We will also explore the characteristics and benefits of this classification approach, followed by a brief introduction and analysis of each curtain wall system category.
1. Classification Criteria for Curtain Walls
Curtain walls are typically categorized based on three key dimensions: structural assembly method, visual presentation, and functional characteristics. This classification system primarily considers the following factors:
1.1 Structural Assembly Method
– Unitized Curtain Wall: The prefabricated modular units are assembled in a factory , sot that it can realize the rapid on-site installation.
– Stick-built Curtain Wall (Exposed/Hidden Frame): Such curtain walls are assembled on-site, and the distinction of Exposed Frame and Hidden Frame just lines in whether its frame is visible or concealed.
– Point-supported Curtain Wall:
The mechanical fixings are used in such kind of curtain wall, but without a continuous frame, which can enhance the
1.2 Visual Presentation
– Exposed Frame Curtain Wall: The metal framework is visible, emphasizing structural lines.
– Hidden Frame Curtain Wall: The framework is concealed, creating a sleek glass façade.
– Point-supported Curtain Wall: Minimizes the presence of a frame, maximizing transparency.
1.3 Cultural and Functional Considerations
– Masharabia: Classified separately for its cultural adaptability. Inspired by traditional Islamic architecture, it provides both shading and decorative functions.
2. Characteristics and Applications of Different Curtain Wall Systems
2.1 Unitized Curtain Wall
– Features:
- Factory-prefabricated modular units, reducing on-site construction time.
- Elastic sealing at joints ensures excellent air and water tightness.
- Suitable for high-rise buildings, allowing simultaneous structural construction.
– Advantages:
✔ Shortens construction time and lowers on-site labor costs.
✔ More consistent quality control due to factory production.
✔ Ideal for super high-rise buildings and large commercial complexes.
2.2 Exposed Frame Curtain Wall
– Features:
- Visible metal framework (e.g., aluminum), providing structural stability.
- Glass panels are embedded within the frame and secured with pressure plates.
- Distinct lines and a strong modern aesthetic.
– Advantages:
✔ Easy installation and low maintenance costs.
✔ Suitable for office buildings, commercial structures, and designs emphasizing structural expression.
✔ Allows flexibility in frame color and material selection for enhanced design versatility.
2.3 Hidden Frame Curtain Wall
– Features:
- Uses structural silicone to fix the glass, with no visible external frame.
- Creates a “full-glass” effect with a minimalist aesthetic.
- Requires high precision in construction.
– Advantages:
✔ Sleek appearance, ideal for high-end office buildings and exhibition centers.
✔ Enhances architectural integrity and modern appeal.
✔ Can be combined with Low-E glass to improve energy efficiency.
2.4 Masharabiya
– Features:
- Inspired by traditional Islamic architecture, featuring perforated wooden or metal lattice screens.
- Provides shading, ventilation, and decorative functions.
- Common in the Middle East, aligning with local cultural and climate needs.
– Advantages:
✔ Effectively reduces direct sunlight exposure, optimizing energy efficiency.
✔ Distinct cultural identity, suitable for hotels, cultural centers, and heritage-inspired buildings.
✔ Customizable patterns for enhanced artistic expression.
2.5 Point-supported Curtain Wall
– Features:
- Uses stainless steel spider fittings to fixglass at four points, making the continuous frames unseen.
- Maximizes transparency and allows more natural light come in.
- Ideal for large-span spaces which require a broad vision such as airports and art museums.
– Advantages:
✔ Extreme transparency, enhancing natural lighting and views.
✔ Lightweight structure, suitable for large-span glass façades.
✔ Strong modern looking, ideal for landmark buildings.
Conclusion
Curtain wall systems are becoming the indispensable part in modern architecture, keeping aesthetics, functionality, and construction efficiency as a whole. We categorize them based on structural assembly, visual presentation, and cultural functionality just to make the selection more convenient for architects, developers, and building owners to serve their projects.
From unitized curtain walls that enhance building efficiency in high-rise buildings to exposed and hidden frame systems that offer varying levels of structural expression and sleek aesthetics, each type can satisfy distinct architectural needs. Masharabia, with its cultural significance and climate adaptability, shows a unique blend of tradition and performance. While point-supported systems push the boundaries of transparency and structural lightness.
As technology advances and sustainability becomes a key focus, curtain wall designs will continue to develop, integrating advanced materials and innovative engineering solutions. A great choice of curtain wall system not only enhances a building’s performance but also defines its architectural identity in the urban landscape.
For curtain wall projects, Sunframe is your expert in professional curtain wall solutions. So feel free to contact us anytime for customized solutions or technical consultations!
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