5 Types of Curtain Wall Systems

5 Types of Curtain Wall Systems

The curtain wall, as the exterior enclosure of modern buildings, not only serves fundamental functions such as wind resistance, waterproofing, and thermal insulation but also plays a crucial role in architectural aesthetics, energy efficiency, and construction efficiency. Different curtain wall systems cater to varying architectural needs, making a well-structured classification essential for architects, developers, and owners to quickly identify the most suitable solution. 

Here, in this article, we will classify curtain wall systems based on three key dimensions. We will also explore the characteristics and benefits of this classification approach, followed by a brief introduction and analysis of each category.

1. Classification Criteria for Curtain Walls

Curtain walls are typically categorized based on three key dimensions: structural assembly method, visual presentation, and functional characteristics. This classification system primarily considers the following factors:

1.1 Structural Assembly Method

–  Unitized Curtain Wall: Prefabricated modular units assembled in a factory for rapid on-site installation.

– Stick-built Curtain Wall (Exposed/Hidden Frame): Assembled on-site, with the distinction based on whether the frame is visible or concealed.

–  Point-supported Curtain Wall: Uses mechanical fixings without a continuous frame, enhancing transparency.

1.2 Visual Presentation

–  Exposed Frame Curtain Wall: The metal framework is visible, emphasizing structural lines.

–  Hidden Frame Curtain Wall: The framework is concealed, creating a sleek glass façade.

–  Point-supported Curtain Wall: Minimizes the presence of a frame, maximizing transparency.

1.3 Cultural and Functional Considerations

– Masharabia: Classified separately for its cultural adaptability. Inspired by traditional Islamic architecture, it provides both shading and decorative functions.

2. Characteristics and Applications of Different Curtain Wall Systems

2.1 Unitized Curtain Wall

– Features:

  • Factory-prefabricated modular units, reducing on-site construction time.
  • Elastic sealing at joints ensures excellent air and water tightness.
  • Suitable for high-rise buildings, allowing simultaneous structural construction.

– Advantages:

    ✔ Shortens construction time and lowers on-site labor costs.
    ✔ More consistent quality control due to factory production.
    ✔ Ideal for super high-rise buildings and large commercial complexes.

2.2 Exposed Frame Curtain Wall

– Features:

  • Visible metal framework (e.g., aluminum), providing structural stability.
  • Glass panels are embedded within the frame and secured with pressure plates.
  • Distinct lines and a strong modern aesthetic.

– Advantages:

    ✔ Easy installation and low maintenance costs.
    ✔ Suitable for office buildings, commercial structures, and designs emphasizing structural expression.
    ✔ Allows flexibility in frame color and material selection for enhanced design versatility.

2.3 Hidden Frame Curtain Wall

– Features:

  • Uses structural silicone to fix the glass, with no visible external frame.
  • Creates a “full-glass” effect with a minimalist aesthetic.
  • Requires high precision in construction.

– Advantages:

    ✔ Sleek appearance, ideal for high-end office buildings and exhibition centers.
    ✔ Enhances architectural integrity and modern appeal.
    ✔ Can be combined with Low-E glass to improve energy efficiency.

2.4 Masharabiya

– Features:

  • Inspired by traditional Islamic architecture, featuring perforated wooden or metal lattice screens.
  • Provides shading, ventilation, and decorative functions.
  • Common in the Middle East, aligning with local cultural and climate needs.

– Advantages:

    ✔ Effectively reduces direct sunlight exposure, optimizing energy efficiency.
    ✔ Distinct cultural identity, suitable for hotels, cultural centers, and heritage-inspired buildings.
    ✔ Customizable patterns for enhanced artistic expression.

2.5 Point-supported Curtain Wall

– Features:

  • Uses stainless steel spider fittings to secure glass at four points, eliminating continuous frames.
  • Maximizes transparency and creates a “frameless” visual effect.
  • Ideal for large-span spaces such as airports and art museums.

– Advantages:

    ✔ Extreme transparency, enhancing natural lighting and views.
    ✔ Lightweight structure, suitable for large-span glass façades.
    ✔ Strong modern aesthetic, ideal for landmark buildings.

Conclusion

The purpose of this article is to provide a clear, systematic classification that enables clients from different sectors—whether commercial, residential, or cultural—to quickly identify the curtain wall type that best aligns with their architectural vision. By streamlining the selection process, we aim to accelerate project timelines while ensuring optimal performance, cost-efficiency, and design integrity. Ultimately, this guide serves as a practical resource for making informed decisions and achieving seamless integration of curtain walls into diverse building concepts.

From unitized curtain walls that enhance efficiency in high-rise buildings to exposed and hidden frame systems that offer varying levels of structural expression and sleek aesthetics, each type serves distinct architectural needs. Masharabiya, with its cultural significance and climate adaptability, provides a unique blend of tradition and performance, while point-supported systems push the boundaries of transparency and structural lightness.

As technology advances and sustainability becomes a key focus, curtain wall designs will continue to evolve, integrating smart materials and innovative engineering solutions. A well-informed choice of curtain wall system not only enhances a building’s performance but also defines its architectural identity in the urban landscape.

For curtain wall projects, Sunframe is your expert in professional curtain wall solutions. So feel free to contact us anytime for customized solutions or technical consultations!

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